@Gorch, I view modes like this simplistic concept:
So, basically a mode is a scale within a scale starting from the nth degree.
To illustrate this (and again pulling the coal towards the sardine ), I’ll use the C major scale and its modes :
https://fretful.io/scales/c/ionian
https://fretful.io/scales/d/dorian
https://fretful.io/scales/e/phrygian
https://fretful.io/scales/f/lydian
https://fretful.io/scales/g/mixolydian
https://fretful.io/scales/a/aeolian
https://fretful.io/scales/b/locrian
Notice the steps/tones progression between each mode. You’ll see they’re cycling