Well - yes and no. You have the root notes for those keys but actually have the scale notes for Cmaj, D Dorian, E Phrygian, etc. Which is interesting as trivia but not as useful as knowing the corresponding major and minor scales in a chord progression. (Which the pattern shapes give you 
You basically have all the root notes for any chord progression from C, and all the notes for any diatonic scale made up of using only the white keys on a piano. But there are notes that are not valid for, say, Emin or Fmaj on that chart.
I agree that it is good to know where other notes are outside the pattern. And yes, you just need to learn them. But at the same time I can completely understand confusion caused by charts like that. It totally reminds me of learning scales on the piano, which is sacrificing a big advantage of stringed instruments