Oh yes.
My go to jazz listening is the Oscar Peterson trio with Ray Brown and Ed Thigpen.
Absolutely the best. The album they did with Ben Webster is also an all timer for me.
You could totally pull this off if you’re careful about how you write each bass part.
Make sure your tones are unique but complementary and generally avoid playing the exact same thing or it could get muddy and boring (however, doubling could add nice emphasis if used sparingly). Playing in different registers would also help avoid stepping on each other’s toes frequency wise.
You might steal some tricks from dual lead guitarists. Wishbone Ash comes to mind because the bassist frequently alternates lead interplay with the guitars and locking in with the drummer in a traditional rhythm section role. At times, the bass and guitars are playing a three-part harmony.
But two bassists could also play call and response, roots and thirds, counterpoint, rhythm and lead, sticking with “safe” chord tones vs exploring “riskier” notes (like 9s and 11s), or just generally doing what the other bassist isn’t currently doing.
I would just make sure one bassist drops out occasionally to let the arrangement breathe and to keep it interesting. I would probably only have two bassists in a band with one guitarist who’s a good player without something to prove (don’t @ me, I’m a guitarist), but it all depends on the writing and players.